Chapter 3.3 – Climate change impacts on Native American water resources: engaging in culture-based solutions

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Impactos das mudanças climáticas nas águas dos povos Nativos Americanos: engajamento em soluções baseadas na cultura

O capítulo 3.3 – seção 3 do livro, versa sobre uma pesquisa coordenada pelo grupo da Dra. Karletta Chief, sobre o impacto do derramamento da mina Gold King no Rio San Juan. Foram investigados os impactos do derramamento sob a perspectiva do povo Navajo. Apontou-se 42 atividades, incluindo as artesanais e artísticas, de subsistência e de recreação – uma perspectiva muito mais ampla do que a do rio como um recurso exclusivo de recreação. Nesse tipo de pesquisa, uma abordagem participativa é fundamental. Assim, esse relato traz a experiência da comunicação bilateral, que foi facilitada pelas sessões de escuta nas quais a comunidade pode ouvir e dar voz a suas preocupações.

O texto destaca que os povos necessitam preparar-se com urgência para os impactos das mudanças climáticas, ao mesmo tempo, as medidas de adaptação devem estar acopladas às agendas tribais existentes para que sejam bem-sucedidas. Sabe-se que muitas vezes, os povos indígenas são deixados de fora da discussão, mas as sessões de escuta são uma maneira de mudar isso, pois possibilitam que os mesmos se tornem protagonistas das soluções que as áreas indígenas precisam.

Para ler o texto completo acesse o link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

Ressaltamos que para cada capítulo a versão em português é seguida imediatamente pela versão em inglês.

Climate change impacts on Native American water resources: engaging in culture-based solutions

Chapter 3.3 – section 3 of the book, describes research on the impact of the Gold King mine spill in the San Juan River, coordinated by Dr. Karletta Chief. Spill impacts were investigated from the perspective of the Navajo people. 42 activities, including craft, artistic, subsistence, and recreational activities were identified – a much broader perspective than that of the river as an exclusively recreational resource. In this type of research, a participatory approach is essential. Thus, this report brings the experience of bilateral communication, which was facilitated by listening sessions in which the community can hear and voice its concerns.

The text highlights that people urgently need to prepare for the impacts of climate change. At the same time, adaptation measures must be coupled with the existing tribal agendas in order to be successful. It is known that indigenous peoples are often left out of the discussion, but listening sessions are a way of changing this, enabling them to become protagonists in the solutions that indigenous areas need.

To read the full text, access the link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

We emphasize that for each chapter the version in Portuguese is followed immediately by the version in English.

Forgetting people in energy development of Belo Monte and other dams

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Rios, Terras e Culturas: aprendendo com o Sistema Socioecológico do Tocantins (Rivers, lands and cultures: Learning from the Tocantins Social-ecological System)

Juliana Laufer; Elineide E. Marques; Simone Athayde; A. Christine Swanson; Ana Daisy A. Zagallo (Orgs.)

Chapter 3.2 is entitled “Forgetting people in energy development of Belo Monte and other dams”. This chapter shows that people are often overlooked in the process of planning hydroelectric dams as observed in the case of Belo Monte and other dams. Many populations dependent on the river were forced to leave their homes and were resettled in urban communities, dramatically changing their lives. The impacts caused on the lives of these people are not sufficiently considered in planning and mitigation. The authors emphasize that it is necessary to think about a sustainable way to produce energy and compensate the people who are impacted by the dams because in addition to not receiving the energy that is being generated by the dam, they still pay a high price for the energy consumed. To address this, a technology proposal is presented that will not affect fishery production or require resettlement. The proposed approach is to install small turbines close to a local community to generate energy for that community rather than for far-off places. This approach does not interrupt the flow of water or require resettlements.

O capítulo 3.2 tem como título “Esquecendo as pessoas no desenvolvimento energético de belo monte e outras barragens”. O texto mostra que as pessoas são frequentemente esquecidas no processo de planejamento de hidrelétricas, como observado no caso de Belo Monte e outras barragens. Muitas populações dependentes do rio foram forçadas a sair de suas casas, foram reassentadas em comunidades urbanas, mudando drasticamente suas vidas. Essas mudanças e os impactos causados na vida dessas pessoas não são suficientemente considerados. O texto ressalta que é necessário pensar em uma maneira sustentável de produzir energia e compensar as pessoas que são impactadas, pois, além de não receberem a energia que está sendo gerada ainda pagam alto preço pela energia consumida. Nesse sentido, é apresentada uma proposta de tecnologia que não afetará a produção pesqueira nem exigirá reassentamento. O projeto é instalar pequenas turbinas próximas a uma comunidade local para gerar energia para essa comunidade e não para lugares distantes, sem interromper o fluxo de água nem exigir reassentamentos.

Link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

For each chapter the version in Portuguese is followed immediately by the version in English.

Hydroelectric dams and Amazonian traditional peoples: elements for a preliminary and introductory prognosis

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Rios, Terras e Culturas: aprendendo com o Sistema Socioecológico do Tocantins (Rivers, lands and cultures: Learning from the Tocantins Social-ecological System)

Juliana Laufer; Elineide E. Marques; Simone Athayde; A. Christine Swanson; Ana Daisy A. Zagallo (Orgs.)

The third section of this ebook, “Speaking to the experts (the experience of researchers)”, consists of four chapters, adapted from experts’ talks at the workshop.

Chapter 3.1 talks about “Hydroelectric dams and Amazonian traditional peoples: elements for a preliminary and introductory prognosis”. The text shows, through the information extracted from the National Energy Plan – PNE 2030, produced by EPE, that the Amazon is the new frontier for hydroelectric power generation. The northern region of Brazil has 343 (more than 50%) of 676 total indigenous territories in the countries, and yet is at the center of the national efforts to expand hydroelectric plants. In view of this, concerns are raised with Indigenous and Quilombola communities, as well as riverside dwellers, fisherpeople and a whole range of communities that may be impacted by these ventures. This full range of affected people and communities are not considered in the criteria that define environmental restrictions. By 2015, the Palmares Cultural Foundation has identified 2,607 Quilombola communities in Brazil. However, according to data from the same year, only 73 communities had their land recognized. This demonstrates another serious problem with the implementation of hydroelectric dams: there is no security for these communities after the dams are built, and the government refuses to recognize Quilombola and Indigenous areas because of the energy expansion policies.

A terceira seção do e-book- “Conversando com os especialistas (A experiência dos pesquisadores)”, é composta por quatro textos, editados a partir das conferências dos especialistas do workshop.

O capítulo 3.1, fala sobre “Hidrelétricas e povos tradicionais na Amazônia: elementos para um prognóstico preliminar e introdutório”. O texto mostra, através das informações extraídas do Plano Nacional de Energia – PNE 2030, produzido pela EPE, que a Amazônia é a nova fronteira de geração de energia hidrelétrica. O Brasil possui 676 terras indígenas e a região norte comporta 343 dessas áreas, ou seja, mais de 50%, e é exatamente a região que está no centro desse projeto de expansão das hidrelétricas. Diante disso, são apresentadas preocupações com comunidades indígenas e quilombolas, e também os ribeirinhos, pescadores e toda uma série de comunidades que poderão ser impactadas por esses empreendimentos, e que não são considerados nos critérios que definem restrições ambientais. Até 2015, a Fundação Cultural Palmares tinha levantado 2.607 comunidades quilombolas no Brasil. Todavia, segundo dados do mesmo ano, somente 73 comunidades tiveram suas terras reconhecidas. Isso nos mostra um outro lado desse grave problema do avanço das hidrelétricas: nós não temos uma segurança para o que ocorrerá com essas comunidades após os empreendimentos e o governo se recusa a reconhecer áreas quilombolas e indígenas em decorrência dessa política de expansão energética.

Link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

For each chapter the version in Portuguese is followed immediately by the version in English.

Chapter 2.3: River values, uses and decision-making

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Os rios estão intimamente ligados à vida das pessoas, às estratégias de subsistência e à espiritualidade, além de abrigar uma impressionante diversidade de seres, culturas e relações humanas. O capítulo 2.3 “Valores e usos dos rios e tomada de decisão”, relata um exercício realizado com participantes da Rede Internacional de Pesquisa em Barragens Amazônicas durante o workshop Palmas 2018, enfocando os valores, métodos e métricas dos rios para avaliar esses valores e implicações para o gerenciamento e a tomada de decisões. Os participantes foram convidados a descrever três aspectos que mais valorizam em um ambiente fluvial e a declarar como eles mediriam, descreveriam ou monitorariam esses valores. A discussão e a análise evidenciaram a natureza pluralista dos valores mantidos pelos grupos humanos em conexão com os ambientes fluviais, cuja mensuração, avaliação e realização exigem uma diversidade de métodos e métricas, análises participativas de trade-off e processos adaptativos.

Rivers are closely connected to people’s lives, livelihood strategies and spirituality. The interconnected web of Amazonian rivers, forests and savannas is home to an impressive diversity of people, cultures and human relationships. The chapter 2.3 “River values, uses and decision-making”, reports on an exercise conducted with Amazon Dams International Research Network participants during the 2018 Palmas workshop, focusing on river values, methods and metrics to assess these values, and implications for management and decision-making. This article Participants were asked to describe three aspects they most value in a river environment, and to state how they would measure, describe or monitor these values. Discussion and analysis provided evidence for the pluralistic nature of values held by different groups in connection to river environments. Measurement, assessment and realization of these values requires a diversity of methods and metrics, participatory trade-off analyses and adaptive processes.

Download Link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

We note that for each chapter the Portuguese version is followed immediately by the English version.

A river unites indigenous peoples of the Americas: a cultural exchange on the legacy of the impacts of hydroelectric dams on the Colorado and Tocantins rivers

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“A river unites indigenous peoples of the Americas: a cultural exchange on the legacy of the impacts of hydroelectric dams on the Colorado and Tocantins rivers” is the second chapter of Section 2 of the E-book.
The text summarizes intercultural exchange activities carried out between the Indigenous Xerente peoples and representatives of the Indigenous North American peoples of the Navajo Nation, the Colville Tribes Confederation, and the Pascua Yaqui tribe, in addition to Brazilian and American teachers, researchers and students of various areas, universities and institutions of the United States and Brazil. During the tour, participants gathered to exchange experiences related to territorial management and rivers in general and, more specifically, the socioecological effects of building hydroelectric dams on indigenous lands, rivers and local ways of life. The Xerente and Indigenous visitors exchanged tributes and gifts, and the Xerente submitted a memorandum of intention expressing their gratitude and willingness to continue promoting and participating in exchanges like this.
We note that for each chapter the Portuguese version is followed immediately by the English version.

Learning from the other: perceptions and exchanges of knowledge on a field trip to traditional communities downstream of the Power Plant Lajeado hydroelectric (Tocantins River, Brazil)

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The second section of the e-book, titled ′′ Transdisciplinary Learning “, comprises three articles, in this post we’ll talk about the first ′′ Learning from the other: perceptions and exchanges of knowledge on a field trip to traditional communities downstream of the Power Plant Lajeado hydroelectric (Tocantins River, Brazil) “.

This text brings the perception of academics and non-academics who participated in a field activity in the municipality of Miracema do Tocantins (Brazil), in an excerpt of the Tocantins River about 20 km downstream of the Lajeado Hydroelectric Power Plant, for the purpose to stimulate the exchange of knowledge between professionals from different areas and fishermen and fishermen and residents rivers of the region. Interaction between the participants took place freely during the river boat trip. The perception of those involved was recorded before and after the activity was carried out. The initiative showed the importance of the field for understanding socio-environmental issues and the expectation of return created in the community from opening dialogue.

Download Link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

We note that for each chapter the Portuguese version is followed immediately by the English version.

Assessment of inter-and trans-disciplinary collaboration between participants of the International Network of Amazon Dam Research (RBA): initial results of the Palmas workshop

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The latest article in the first section of the e-book is an ′′Assessment of inter-and trans-disciplinary collaboration between participants of the International Network of Amazon Dam Research (RBA): initial results of the Palmas workshop”. The lifting showed that network members generally conduct a positive attitude towards international research and collaboration and currently engage or have engaged in multi, inter and transdisciplinary work.

It also showed that most network researchers are strongly connected to each other, both collaborating and communicating about dam related works. Thus, initial discoveries indicate that the RBA is developing inter-and trans-disciplinary collaboration, as evidenced in the various ways in which different members interact with researchers from different disciplines, along with government and community entities.

Download Link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

We note that for each chapter the Portuguese version is followed immediately by the English version.

Debate sobre conhecimento e políticas públicas: desafios e oportunidades para melhorar a tomada de decisão e a governança socioambiental na Amazônia

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O terceiro artigo do e-book “Rios, Terras e Culturas: Aprendendo com o Sistema Socioecológico do Tocantins”, fala sobre como diferentes conhecimentos e políticas públicas voltados ao desenvolvimento de projetos de infraestrutura da Amazônia estão conectados a partir de diversas perspectivas. Os setores não governamentais indicam desconexão entre a tomada de decisões sobre infraestrutura e o conhecimento científico e indígena relacionado às áreas de impacto, e recomendam a expansão da pesquisa baseada em sistemas, envolvendo as comunidades locais como colaboradores de pesquisa, ampliando os esforços para monitorar os impactos e promovendo a colaboração e comunicação entre os setores em múltiplos estágios, desde a consulta inicial até o processo de monitoramento de impacto.

Link para Download: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

Ressaltamos que para cada capítulo a versão em português é seguida imediatamente pela versão em inglês.

 

Knowledge and policy debate: challenges and opportunities for improving socio-environmental decision-making and governance in the Amazon

The third article of the e-book “Rivers, Lands and Cultures: Learning from the Socioecological System of Tocantins” discusses how different types of knowledge and public policies related to the development of infrastructure projects in the Amazon are connected. The non-governmental sectors suggest there is a disconnect between infrastructure decision-making and the scientific and Indigenous knowledge related to the areas of impact. All sector participants agreed on the desire for more collaboration, particularly in the early planning stages of projects. Recommendations emphasize expanding systems-based research, involving local communities as research collaborators, extending efforts to monitor impacts, and furthering collaboration and communication between sectors at multiple stages, from initial consultation to the impact-monitoring process.

Link: https://www.editorafi.org/19rios

We emphasize that for each chapter the version in Portuguese is followed immediately by the version in English.

E-book: Rios, Terras e Culturas: aprendendo com o sistema socioecológico do Tocantins

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Rios, terras e culturas: aprendendo com o Sistema Sócio-ecológico do Tocantins

Juliana Laufer; Elineide E. Marques; Simone Athayde; A. Christine Swanson; Ana Daisy A. Zagallo (Orgs.)

Nas abordagens inter e transdisciplinares de temas socioecológicos, a promoção de diálogos consistentes entre atores permanece um desafio. Apesar desses diálogos serem crescentes à medida que a diversidade sociocultural, os conflitos socioecológicos e a competição pela ocupação de ambientes aumentam, os desafios pedagógicos oportunizam o aprendizado coletivo. Visando contribuir para enfrentar esses desafios, a publicação “Rios, Terras e Culturas: Aprendendo com o Sistema Socioecológico do Tocantins” reúne experiências inter e transdisciplinares compartilhadas pelos participantes de um workshop homônimo, realizado pela Rede Internacional de Pesquisa em Barragens Amazônicas de 14 a 18 de maio de 2018, em Palmas-TO, Brasil. Para além dos textos produzidos, a experiência de compartilhar, sensibilizar e aprender de modo recíproco com atores envolvidos com a construção de barragens hidrelétricas em diferentes escalas (local, regional, nacional e internacional), soma-se às reflexões a respeito do processo como um todo, desde o planejamento, financiamento, licenciamento, implementação, compensação, monitoramento e efeitos pós-barragens, entre outros aspectos.

In inter- and transdisciplinary approaches of social-ecological themes, promoting consistent dialogues between actors remain a challenge. Even though these dialogues are expanding with increased sociocultural diversity, socio-environmental conflicts and competition for land, pedagogic challenges open-up opportunities for collective learning. The texts contained in this publication: “Rivers, Lands and Cultures: Learning from the Tocantins Social-ecological System”, bring together the inter- and transdisciplinary experiences shared by participants in a workshop of the same name held by the Amazon Dams International Research Network from May 14 to 18, 2018 in Palmas-TO, Brazil. In addition to the texts produced, the experience of sharing, sensibilizing and co-learning with actors involved in the implementation of hydroelectric dams at different scales (local, regional, national and international), contributed to reflections about the whole process, including planning, financing, licensing, implementation, compensation, monitoring, post-dam effects and other aspects.

 

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ISBN: 978-65-87340-19-7

DOI – 10.22350 / 9786587340197

Nº de pág .: 865